The bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity during adolescence and the beginning of adulthood in the 1993 birth cohort, Pelotas, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity during adolescence and the beginning of adulthood in a cohort in southern Brazil. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study used data from the 1993 birth cohort in Pelotas, Brazil. The following outcome variables were measured at 22 years of age: self-reported wheezing during the last 12 months and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The following exposure variables were measured at ages 11, 15, and 18: self-reported wheezing (no wheezing or symptom presentation in 1, 2, or 3 follow-ups) and obesity (non-obese or obese in 1, 2, or 3 follow-ups). Crude and adjusted logistical regression stratified by sex were used in the analyses. The reference category was defined as participants who presented no wheezing or obesity. RESULTS: A total of 3,461 participants had data on wheezing and 3,383 on BMI. At 22 years of age, the prevalence of wheezing was 10.1% (95%CI: 9.1; 11.2), and obesity, 16.2% (95%CI: 15.0; 17.6). In females, the presence of wheezing in two follow-ups revealed a 2.22-fold (95%CI: 1.36; 3.61) greater chance of developing obesity at 22 years of age. Meanwhile, the presence of obesity in two follow-ups resulted in a 2.03-fold (95%IC: 1.05; 3.92) greater chance of wheezing at 22 years of age. No associations were found between wheezing and obesity in males. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest a possible positive bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity, with greater odds ratios in the wheezing to obesity direction in females and in the category of occurrence of exposure in two follow-ups.

Hold-relax PNF is more effective than unilateral lumbar mobilization on increasing hamstring flexibility: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Although lumbar mobilization (LM) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are used to increase flexibility in clinical practice, remains unclear which technic is the most effective. This study aims to verify and compare the immediate effect of unilateral LM and hold-relax PNF on hamstring flexibility. METHOD: A randomized, blinded, crossover trial carried out in university research laboratory. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups, each group receive unilateral, central posterior-anterior LM grade III to the L4 joint, hold-relax PNF and control intervention in a different order with 48 h of washout period. Hamstring flexibility was measured using photogrammetry before and immediately after intervention through range of motion (ROM) change in the Straight Leg Raise Test. T-tests were used to compare ROM within groups, and ANOVA repeated measure followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests was used for between groups comparison. RESULTS: Two participants were lost to follow-up, leaving 28 for analysis (21.6 ± 2.2 years-old). LM increased 4.5° (95% CI 2.3-6.5°, p = 0.001, d = 0.29) on the straight leg raise test and PNF increased 10.0° (95% CI 7.7-12.2°, p = 0.001, d = 0.7). No statistically significant increase was observed on the control group (p = 0.151, d = 0.08). Further, the technique used significantly influenced ROM (p = 0.001, η²p = 0.37). On the between group analysis, PNF was better than LM (p = 0.005) and control (p = 0.001), whereas LM was no better than the control for hamstring flexibility (p = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: Although hold-relax PNF and unilateral LM techniques increased ROM, hold-relax PNF was more effective on increasing hamstring flexibility.

[Delay in quadrivalent vaccine (DTP+Hib) in children 12 to 23 months of age: Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013]. / Atraso na vacina tetravalente (DTP+Hib) em crianças de 12 a 23 meses de idade: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013.

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of delay in the three doses of quadrivalent vaccine (DTP+Hib) in children 12 to 23 months of age in Brazil, based on data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013 and to analyze the delay in each of the doses according to sociodemographic variables and use of health services and public health interventions. The data are from the PNS a cross-sectional study performed in 2013. The outcome was delay in at least one of the three doses of the quadrivalent vaccine. Delay was defined as a dose received at least 30 days after the recommended date according to information on the child's vaccination card. Prevalence of delay was analyzed according to sociodemographic variables and use of health services. A descriptive analysis was performed to obtain absolute and relative frequencies and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Of the 2,016 children with information collected, 1,843 were analyzed. The prevalence of delay in at least one dose of the vaccine was 44%. There was a delay of 14.8% in the first dose, 28.8% in the second, and 45.4% in the third, and 10% of the children had delays in all three doses. Higher prevalence of delay was associated with male gender, brown skin color, the poorest income quintile, and residence in rural areas and the North of Brazil. The study revealed high prevalence of delay with the quadrivalent vaccine (DTP+Hib) in children 12 to 23 months of age in Brazil, with the highest delay in the third dose.

O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência do atraso nas três doses da vacina tetravalente (DTP+Hib) em crianças de 12 a 23 meses de idade, no Brasil, por meio dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013 e descrever o atraso em cada uma das doses segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, utilização de serviços e intervenções públicas de saúde. Foram utilizados dados da PNS, estudo transversal realizado em 2013. O desfecho foi o atraso pelo menos em uma das três doses da vacina tetravalente. Considerou-se como atraso a dose recebida pelo menos 30 dias após a data preconizada, segundo informação da caderneta de vacinação. A prevalência do atraso foi descrita segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e utilização de serviços de saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva obtendo-se frequências absolutas e relativas e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Das 2.016 crianças com informações coletadas, 1.843 foram analisadas. A prevalência de atraso de pelo menos uma dose da vacina foi de 44%. Observou-se atraso de 14,8% na primeira, 28,8% na segunda e 45,4% na terceira dose, sendo que 10% das crianças tiveram atraso nas três doses. Maiores prevalências de atraso foram encontradas em crianças do sexo masculino, de cor da pele parda, pertencentes ao quintil mais pobre de riqueza, moradores da zona rural e da Região Norte do Brasil. Evidenciou-se alta prevalência de atraso na vacina tetravalente (DTP+Hib) em crianças de 12 a 23 meses do Brasil, sendo maior na terceira dose.

El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia del atraso en las tres dosis de la vacuna tetravalente (DTP+Hib) en niños de 12 a 23 meses de edad, en Brasil, mediante los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) de 2013 y describir el retraso en cada una de las dosis, según variables sociodemográficas, utilización de servicios e intervenciones públicas de salud. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en 2013, con datos de la PNS. El resultado fue el retraso por lo menos en una de las tres dosis de la vacuna tetravalente. Se consideró como un atraso la dosis recibida por lo menos 30 días tras la fecha prefijada, según la información de la cartilla de vacunación. La prevalencia del atraso fue descrita según variables sociodemográficas y utilización de servicios de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, obteniéndose frecuencias absolutas y relativas, así como sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza. De los 2016 niños con información recogida, se analizaron 1843. La prevalencia de atraso de por lo menos una dosis de la vacuna fue de un 44%. Se observó un retraso de 14,8% en la primera, un 28,8% en la segunda y un 45,4% en la tercera dosis, siendo que un 10% de los niños sufrieron atraso en las tres dosis. Las mayores prevalencias de atraso se encontraron en niños de sexo masculino, mestizos, pertenecientes al quintil más pobre de riqueza, habitantes de la zona rural y de la Región Norte de Brasil. Se evidenció una alta prevalencia de atraso en la vacuna tetravalente (DTP+Hib) en niños de 12 a 23 meses de Brasil, siendo mayor en la tercera dosis.

The bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity during adolescence and the beginning of adulthood in the 1993 birth cohort, Pelotas, Brazil / Associação bidirecional entre sibilância e obesidade durante a adolescência e início da vida adulta na coorte de nascimentos de 1993, Pelotas, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity during adolescence and the beginning of adulthood in a cohort in southern Brazil. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study used data from the 1993 birth cohort in Pelotas, Brazil. The following outcome variables were measured at 22 years of age: self-reported wheezing during the last 12 months and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The following exposure variables were measured at ages 11, 15, and 18: self-reported wheezing (no wheezing or symptom presentation in 1, 2, or 3 follow-ups) and obesity (non-obese or obese in 1, 2, or 3 follow-ups). Crude and adjusted logistical regression stratified by sex were used in the analyses. The reference category was defined as participants who presented no wheezing or obesity. Results: A total of 3,461 participants had data on wheezing and 3,383 on BMI. At 22 years of age, the prevalence of wheezing was 10.1% (95%CI: 9.1; 11.2), and obesity, 16.2% (95%CI: 15.0; 17.6). In females, the presence of wheezing in two follow-ups revealed a 2.22-fold (95%CI: 1.36; 3.61) greater chance of developing obesity at 22 years of age. Meanwhile, the presence of obesity in two follow-ups resulted in a 2.03-fold (95%IC: 1.05; 3.92) greater chance of wheezing at 22 years of age. No associations were found between wheezing and obesity in males. Conclusions: The obtained data suggest a possible positive bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity, with greater odds ratios in the wheezing to obesity direction in females and in the category of occurrence of exposure in two follow-ups.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação bidirecional entre sibilância e obesidade durante a adolescência e início da vida adulta em uma coorte no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Este estudo longitudinal prospectivo utilizou dados da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 em Pelotas, Brasil. As seguintes variáveis de desfecho foram medidas aos 22 anos de idade: sibilância autorreferida nos últimos 12 meses e obesidade (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2). As seguintes variáveis de exposição foram medidas aos 11, 15 e 18 anos: sibilância autorreferida (sem sibilos ou presença do sintoma em 1, 2 ou 3 acompanhamentos) e obesidade (não obesos ou obesos em 1, 2 ou 3 acompanhamentos). Regressões logísticas simples e ajustada estratificadas por sexo foram utilizadas nas análises. A categoria de referência foi definida como participantes que não apresentavam sibilância ou obesidade. Resultados: Um total de 3.461 participantes tinham dados sobre sibilância e 3.383 sobre IMC. Aos 22 anos, a prevalência de sibilância foi de 10,1% (IC95%: 9,1; 11,2) e obesidade, 16,2% (IC95%: 15,0; 17,6). Em mulheres, a presença de sibilância em dois acompanhamentos apresentou 2,22 vezes (IC95%: 1,36; 3,61) maior chance de desenvolver obesidade aos 22 anos. Enquanto isso, a presença de obesidade em dois acompanhamentos resultou em 2,03 vezes (IC95%: 1,05; 3,92) maior chance de sibilância aos 22 anos. Não foram encontradas associações entre sibilância e obesidade em homens. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos sugerem uma possível associação bidirecional positiva entre sibilância e obesidade, com maiores razões de chance na direção sibilância para obesidade em mulheres e na categoria de ocorrência da exposição em dois acompanhamentos.

Atraso na vacina tetravalente (DTP+Hib) em crianças de 12 a 23 meses de idade: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013 / Delay in quadrivalent vaccine (DTP+Hib) in children 12 to 23 months of age: Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013 / Retraso en la vacuna tetravalente (DTP+Hib) en niños de 12 a 23 meses de edad: Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2013

Resumo: O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência do atraso nas três doses da vacina tetravalente (DTP+Hib) em crianças de 12 a 23 meses de idade, no Brasil, por meio dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013 e descrever o atraso em cada uma das doses segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, utilização de serviços e intervenções públicas de saúde. Foram utilizados dados da PNS, estudo transversal realizado em 2013. O desfecho foi o atraso pelo menos em uma das três doses da vacina tetravalente. Considerou-se como atraso a dose recebida pelo menos 30 dias após a data preconizada, segundo informação da caderneta de vacinação. A prevalência do atraso foi descrita segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e utilização de serviços de saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva obtendo-se frequências absolutas e relativas e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Das 2.016 crianças com informações coletadas, 1.843 foram analisadas. A prevalência de atraso de pelo menos uma dose da vacina foi de 44%. Observou-se atraso de 14,8% na primeira, 28,8% na segunda e 45,4% na terceira dose, sendo que 10% das crianças tiveram atraso nas três doses. Maiores prevalências de atraso foram encontradas em crianças do sexo masculino, de cor da pele parda, pertencentes ao quintil mais pobre de riqueza, moradores da zona rural e da Região Norte do Brasil. Evidenciou-se alta prevalência de atraso na vacina tetravalente (DTP+Hib) em crianças de 12 a 23 meses do Brasil, sendo maior na terceira dose.

Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of delay in the three doses of quadrivalent vaccine (DTP+Hib) in children 12 to 23 months of age in Brazil, based on data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013 and to analyze the delay in each of the doses according to sociodemographic variables and use of health services and public health interventions. The data are from the PNS a cross-sectional study performed in 2013. The outcome was delay in at least one of the three doses of the quadrivalent vaccine. Delay was defined as a dose received at least 30 days after the recommended date according to information on the child's vaccination card. Prevalence of delay was analyzed according to sociodemographic variables and use of health services. A descriptive analysis was performed to obtain absolute and relative frequencies and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Of the 2,016 children with information collected, 1,843 were analyzed. The prevalence of delay in at least one dose of the vaccine was 44%. There was a delay of 14.8% in the first dose, 28.8% in the second, and 45.4% in the third, and 10% of the children had delays in all three doses. Higher prevalence of delay was associated with male gender, brown skin color, the poorest income quintile, and residence in rural areas and the North of Brazil. The study revealed high prevalence of delay with the quadrivalent vaccine (DTP+Hib) in children 12 to 23 months of age in Brazil, with the highest delay in the third dose.

Resumen: El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia del atraso en las tres dosis de la vacuna tetravalente (DTP+Hib) en niños de 12 a 23 meses de edad, en Brasil, mediante los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) de 2013 y describir el retraso en cada una de las dosis, según variables sociodemográficas, utilización de servicios e intervenciones públicas de salud. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en 2013, con datos de la PNS. El resultado fue el retraso por lo menos en una de las tres dosis de la vacuna tetravalente. Se consideró como un atraso la dosis recibida por lo menos 30 días tras la fecha prefijada, según la información de la cartilla de vacunación. La prevalencia del atraso fue descrita según variables sociodemográficas y utilización de servicios de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, obteniéndose frecuencias absolutas y relativas, así como sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza. De los 2016 niños con información recogida, se analizaron 1843. La prevalencia de atraso de por lo menos una dosis de la vacuna fue de un 44%. Se observó un retraso de 14,8% en la primera, un 28,8% en la segunda y un 45,4% en la tercera dosis, siendo que un 10% de los niños sufrieron atraso en las tres dosis. Las mayores prevalencias de atraso se encontraron en niños de sexo masculino, mestizos, pertenecientes al quintil más pobre de riqueza, habitantes de la zona rural y de la Región Norte de Brasil. Se evidenció una alta prevalencia de atraso en la vacuna tetravalente (DTP+Hib) en niños de 12 a 23 meses de Brasil, siendo mayor en la tercera dosis.

Tissue heating in different short wave diathermy methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the change in temperature caused by different short wave diathermy (SWD) methods of application in different healthy tissues. DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Science Direct, CINAHL, SciELO, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials and the World Health Organization ICTRP were searched (1990-April 2020). METHODS: Randomized, quasi-randomized, and single-arm controlled trials assessing temperature change after SWD application in healthy adults were included. Group analysis was done according to SWD mode and where temperature was collected, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool and the quality of evidence using GRADE. A narrative synthesis was conducted since methodological homogeneity was not sufficient to undertake a meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included, reporting data of 240 subjects. Regarding skin temperature change, the application that increased temperature the most was under the electrode using continuous SWD on coplanar arrangement of capacitive technique (7.9 [1.76] °C), coplanar arrangement also had the slowest temperature decay, and the lowest temperature found was through a low dose application of pulsed SWD (0.34 [0.69] °C). Regarding muscle temperature change, the application that increased temperature the most was using the inductive technique of pulsed SWD (4.58 [0.87] °C), this technique also had the slowest temperature decay, and the lowest temperature found was through ReBound shortwave diathermy (2.31 [0.87] °C). CONCLUSION: SWD efficacy depends on setting choices. This review provides a detailed description of SWD methods of application and a quantitative data set of resulting temperature change.